Infections of the middle ear, called otitis media are quite common in young children. These infections usually result from the spread of infection from the mucous membrane of the pharynx through the auditory tube. The symptoms of low-grade fever, lethargy, and irritability, and pulling at the ear are not often recognized by the parent as signs of middle ear infection. The infection also can cause a temporary decrease or loss of hearing because fluid build up can dampen the tympanic membrane. In extreme cases, the infection can damage or rupture the tympanic membrane. Chronic middle ear infections increase the chances of inner ear infections. Inner ear infections can decrease the inner ear’s detection of sound and maintenance of equilibrium.
Embryo Transfer
Posted by adminJun 20
In a small number of women, normal pregnancy is not possible because of some anatomical or physiological condition. In 87% of these cases the uterine tubes are incapable of transporting the zygote to the uterus or allowing sperm cells to reach the oocyte. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer have made pregnancy possible in hundreds of such women since 1978. In vitro fertilization involves removal of secondary oocytes from a women, placing the oocytes into a petri dish, and adding sperm cells to the dish, allowing fertilization and early development to occur in vitro, which means “in glass”. Embryo transfer involves the removal of the developing embryo from the petri dish and introduction of the embryo into uterus of a recipient female. For in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer to be accomplished, a woman is first injected with an LH-Like substance, which causes more than one follicle to ovulate at a time. Just before the follicles rupture, the secondary oocytes are surgically removed from the ovary. The success rate of embryo transfer varies from clinic to, with the age of the embryo at the time of transfer, and with the age of the patient.
Cancer Of The Cervix
Posted by adminJun 4
Cancer of the cervix is relatively common in females and fortunately can be detected and treated. A Papanicolaou (Pap), named for the Greek-American physician, George Papanicolaou, (1883-1962) smear is a diagnostic test used to determine if a woman is suffering from cancer of the uterine cervix. A smear of epithelial cells is taken from the area of the cervix by inserting a swab through the vagina. Cells from the wall of the vagina are also included in the smear. The smear is placed on a glass slide and stained. The cells are then examined microscopically to determine whether some of them show signs of being cancerous. Early development of cervical cancer, the cells of the cervix change in a characteristic way. Cells that are cancerous appear to be less mature than the characteristic epithelial cells of the cervix or vaginal wall. Cervix is a lower part of the uterus extending to the vagina and Cancer a malignant neoplasm, or tumor.
Miscarriage
Posted by adminMay 24
Miscarriage it is estimated that as many as 50% of all zygotes are lost before delivery. Most are lost before implantation. Approximately 15% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion, which results from the death or early delivery of the fetus. Before about 24 weeks post- LMP the fetus is not viable outside the uterus. After 24 weeks, but before 37 weeks post-LMP, the infant is referred to as premature. Although there is a higher incidence of birth defects among aborted fetuses, the vast majority of miscarried fetuses appear to be normal. Many factors can cause a miscarriage, many of which do not directly involve the fetus, and many of which are unknown. One common cause of miscarriage is improper implantation of the blastocust in the uterus. In most cases, the blastocyst implants in the upper part of the uterus, but occasionally a blastocyst can implant near the opening into the cervical canal, a condition called placenta previa. As the fetus grows and the uterus stretches, the previa placenta may tear away from the uterine wall, a condition called placental abruption. In fetus often dies. The associated hemorrhaging can be life-threatening to the mother as well.
Human Resource Management
Posted by adminMay 11
Human Resource Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of personnel activities. The Human Resources Department has the man responsibility for personnel activities, but all managers should perform personnel functions. The HRD work closely together with all other departments in the organization. It is concerned with selecting new employees, their job assignments, and their continuing development. The safety and general welfare of the employees is the general responsibility of human resource management. Satisfactory working conditions and effective supervision are provided to maintain employee morale and to reduce absenteeism and labor turn-over. Effective and well-understood grievance procedures are essential for maintaining high levels of morale. Participative management techniques suggestion plans, are used to show the employees that his ideas are important to the company and its management. Human resource management is not the sole concern either of the HRD or of top management. It is part of the job of every manager, for the personnel function is necessary in every operation where people are employed. Human resource management has the responsibility of planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling all activities that concern employees: selecting, developing compensating and meeting their needs in a number of respects.
Cancer of the Prostate
Posted by adminApr 23
Cancer of the prostate is the second most common cause of male deaths from cancer in the United States, fewer than from lung cancer and more than from colon cancer. A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase in the circulatory system of men who have prostatic cancer. A blood sample can be taken , and an assay performed for the antigen. If the concentration of the antigen in the blood has increased, an examination for prostatic cancer is highly recommended. A test result indicating an elevated concentration of the antigen does not confirm the presence of cancer, other tests are necessary. In some cases test result can show an increase in the antigen when no cancer is apparent. Because of the prevalence of prostatic cancer should be done. There is controversy concerning the treatment for prostatic cancer. Cancer of the prostate in relatively young men and large tumors in all men generally require treatment. Treatment for prostatic cancer includes radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. The surgery often results in incontinence and generally results in the inability yo sustain an erection, although new, more successful techniques have been developed.
Effects of Aging on the Digestive System
Posted by adminApr 8
As a person ages, the connective tissue layers of the digestive tract, the submucosa and serosa, tend to thin, the blood supply to the digestive tract decreases. There is also a decrease in the number of smooth muscle cells in the muscularis, resulting in decreased motility in the digestive tract. In addition, goblet cells within the mucosa secrete less mucus. Through the years the digestive tract, like the skin and lungs, is directly exposed to materials from the outside environment. Some of those substances can cause mechanical damage to the digestive tract and others may be toxic to the tissues. Because the connective tissue of the digestive tract becomes thin with age and because the protective mucus covering is reduced, the digestive tract of elderly people becomes less and less protected from these outside influences. The liver’s ability to detoxify certain chemicals tends to decline, the ability of the hepatic phagocytic cells to remove particulate contaminants decreases, and the liver’s ability to store glycogen decreases. this overall decline in the defenses of the digestive tract with advancing age leaves elderly people more susceptible to infections and to the effects of toxic agents. Elderly people are more likely to develop ulcerations and cancers of the digestive tract.
Accounting
Posted by adminMar 20
Accounting provides quantitative financial information involving economic decisions in order to make reasoned choices. It serves that functions of recording, summarizing, and interpreting financial information. It aims to direct and control the limited resources of the business, both human and non-human. The users and beneficiaries of the financial information include business owners, managers, government, potential investors, creditors, consumers, general public, economic planners, and labor unions. They benefit from the varied fields of accounting like auditing, accounting systems, budgeting, tax, management consulting, cost, financial, government and education. The accounting profession in its practice is guided by the accounting principles (GAAP) which are established by the Accounting Standard Council, under the umbrella of the Philippines Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the national organization of CPAs in the Philippines. Among others, these principles include entity, objectivity, cost, going concern, materiality, and matching principles. Accounting is a service activity. Through the accounting records and the financial reports derived therefrom, efficient acquisition and use of the limited resources as planned are achieved. The individuals and group to achieve the goals set and appraisals of their performance are facilitated by comparing the goals set and the result of business operations as reflected the financial data.
Nacrcotics
Posted by adminMar 5
Narcotics is the general term for substance that produce lethargy, stupor, induce sleep and relieve pain by depressing the central nervous system. They cause a condition of abnormal drowsiness and a great lack of energy. Narcotics are legally used in medicine. In this state, the mind and sense are so dull that one can’t barely think, act and feel. Dangerous substances such as opium, morphine and heroin were then basic ingredients in patient medicines that could be purchased by everyone for any reason without prescription since they are effective cure of headaches, toothaches, depression, nervousness, menstrual cramps. In fact can practically cure every human ailment. As a result of the ready availability of these drugs and their heavy use for medical problems, may individual became addicted to the narcotics contained in these patient medicines. So there were more narcotics addicts. They were not abusers or taking narcotics for “recreational” purposes. Legally, narcotics include opium and its derivatives (morphine, codeine and heroin) and the synthetic opiates, such as meperidine and methadone. The use of narcotics dropped as doctors did not prescribe narcotics, and drug stores were not also selling over the counter. It used to combat narcotic addition of heroin.